PresentationThis glossary contains the 552 most frequent Esperanto words and morphemes (Groups 1 to 4 of the Baza Radikaro Oficiala, Aktoj de la Akademio II, 1968-1974). It also contains all words used in the Free Esperanto Course. It is estimated from word frequency studies that this corresponds to approximately 2000 words in other languages and covers 80 % of the words encountered.
The reader is assumed to be familiar with the rules of word formation in Esperanto; however, a few compound words which are likely to be difficult for the beginner (aliĝi, denove, tagmanĝo) are indicated separately.
Grammatical endings and affixes appear first, although most of them can be used as independent words (ulo: person; ebla: possible; etc.), as does the table of correlatives. The rest of the words appear alphabetically according to the root, so that "mon/o" appears before "mond/o", for example.
The letter following the slash indicates the grammatical nature of the root: /o for nominal, /a for adjectival, and /i for verbal. I have followed the grammatical categories in the Baza Radikaro Oficiala. A few roots and affixes are hybrid; in this case, both classes are indicated separately.
Words which appear in the Free Esperanto Course but are not among the 552 most frequent words are marked with an asterisk (*). A few correlatives also fall in this category.
This glossary may be freely copied and distributed.
Link to this page: http://purl.org/net/panorama/angla/vortaro.htm
Yves Bellefeuille <yan @ storm.ca>
Grammatical endings, affixes, correlatives:-a adjective -e adverb -j plural -n accusative -o noun Verbs: -i infinitive -as present -is past -os future -us conditional -u volitive (imperative, subjunctive) Participles: past present future active -int- -ant- -ont- passive -it- -at- -ot- Prefixes: bo- relation by marriage, "in-law" bopatrino: mother-in-law; bofrato: brother-in-law ĉef- head, chief ĉefurbo: capital; ĉefministro: prime minister dis- separation, scattering disĵeti: to throw about; dissendi: to distribute ek- sudden or momentary action ekbrili: to flash; ekkrii: to shout out ge- both sexes together gepatroj: father and mother; gesinjoroj: ladies and gentlemen mal- opposite granda: big, malgranda: small; riĉa: rich, malriĉa: poor re- over again, back again resendi: to send back; rekonstrui: to rebuild Suffixes: -adi to do an action persistently or repeatedly kuradi: to keep on running; vizitadi: to visit habitually -ado frequent or continuous action kuirado: cooking; parolado: speech -aĵo thing, substance novaĵo: news, novelty; manĝaĵo: food -ano member, inhabitant Usonano: American; Kristano: Christian -aro collection, group arbaro: forest; vortaro: dictionary -ebla possible videbla: visible; kredebla: credible -eco abstract quality boneco: goodness; amikeco: friendship -eg- great size, intense degree, augmentative domego: mansion; varmega: extremely hot -ejo place lernejo: school; vendejo: store -ema propensity, tendency parolema: talkative; ludema: playful -estro leader, chief lernejestro: school principal; urbestro: mayor -et- smallness, small degree, diminutive varmeta: lukewarm; libreto: booklet -ido child, descendent katido: kitten; reĝo: king, reĝido: prince -igi to make, to cause to become purigi: to clean; mortigi: to kill -iĝi to become naskiĝi: to be born; edziĝi: to marry (become a husband) -ilo tool, instrument tranĉilo: knife; ludilo: a toy -inda worthy of memorinda: memorable; vidinda: worth seeing -ino feminine patrino: mother; bovino: cow -ismo doctrine, system (as in English) komunismo: communism; kristanismo: Christianity -isto person connected with something (as in English) instruisto: teacher; komunisto: communist -obla multiple duobla: double; trioble: triply -ona fraction duona: half (of); centono: one hundredth -ujo container, country monujo: purse; Anglujo: England (now often "-io" in this sense) -ulo person possessing a quality or characteristic riĉulo: rich man; junulo: young person -um- indefinite suffix indicating some relation with the root kolumo: collar; malvarmumo: a cold; plenumi: to fulfill (This is not a complete list of all official prefixes and suffixes, but only the most frequent.)
Table of Correlatives:WHICH, THAT SOME NO EACH, WHAT EVERY
ONE KIU TIU IU NENIU ĉIU which one, that one someone, no-one, each one, who somebody nobody everybody
THING KIO TIO IO NENIO ĉIO what thing, that thing something nothing everything what
KIND KIA TIA IA NENIA ĉIA what kind of that kind of some kind of no kind of every kind of
PLACE KIE TIE IE NENIE ĉIE where there somewhere nowhere everywhere
WAY KIEL TIEL IEL* NENIEL* ĉIEL* how, thus, somehow, "nohow", in every way in what way in that way in some way in no way
REASON KIAL TIAL IAL* NENIAL* ĉIAL* why, for so, for for some for no for every what reason that reason reason reason reason
TIME KIAM TIAM IAM NENIAM ĉIAM when, at then, at at some time never, at always, what time that time no time every time
QUANTITY KIOM TIOM IOM NENIOM ĉIOM how much, that much, some none the whole how many that many (quantity) quantity, all
ONE'S KIES TIES* IES* NENIES* ĉIES* whose, that one's someone's no-one's, everyone's which one's nobody's everybody's
aĉet/i to buy adiaŭ* good-bye aer/o air afabl/a kind, friendly afer/o matter, affair, thing Afrik/o* Africa agrabl/a pleasant, nice aĝ/o age ajn -ever (e.g. kiu ajn: whoever; iam ajn: whenever) akcept/i to accept akr/a* sharp akv/o water al to, towards (preposition) al/iĝ/i* to join (intrans.) al/ven/i* to arrive (intrans.) ali/a other almenaŭ at least (adverb) alt/a high, tall am/i to love, to like amas/o mass, crowd ambaŭ both amik/o friend Angl/o* Englishman angul/o corner, angle ankaŭ also, too (adverb) ankoraŭ still (adverb) anstataŭ instead of (preposition, conjunction) antaŭ before (preposition) apart/a separate apenaŭ barely, scarcely (adverb) aper/i to appear apetit/o* appetite april/o* april apud beside, near (preposition) arb/o tree art/o art atend/i to wait atent/a attentive, careful atest/i* to attest, to certify aŭ or, either... or... (conjunction) aŭd/i to hear aŭgust/o* august aŭskult/i to listen aŭt/o* automobile, car aŭtobus/o* bus, coach aŭtun/o autumn, fall av/o grandfather
B
baldaŭ soon (adverb) bat/i to hit, to beat batal/i to fight bel/a lovely, beautiful best/o animal bezon/i to need, to require bicikl/o* bicycle bier/o* beer bigami/o* bigamy bilard/o* billiards, pool bild/o picture, image bird/o bird blank/a white blind/a* blind blond/a* blond blu/a blue bon/a good bord/o border, shore, bank bov/o* bull, ox brak/o arm bril/i to shine, to be bright bru/i to make a noise brul/i to burn, to be on fire (intrans.) brun/a* brown Bruno* Esperantized version of the name "Brown" bub/o* boy, lad (often pejorative) bufed/o* buffet, snack-bar buŝ/o mouth butik/o* store, shop butik/um/i* to go shopping
C
cel/i to aim at cent (one) hundred cert/a sure, certain ci* thou (rare) cigared/o* cigarette
Ĉ
ĉambr/o room ĉapel/o hat ĉar because, since (conjunction) ĉas/i* to hunt ĉe at, by (preposition) ĉeval/o horse ĉi indicates proximity (e.g. tio: that; tio ĉi: this; tie: there; tie ĉi: here) ĉiel/o heaven, sky ĉirkaŭ around, approximately (adverb) ĉokolad/o* chocolate ĉu whether (interrogative particle)
D
da of (follows quantity or measure) (preposition) Dalas/o* Dallas danc/i* to dance dank/i to thank daŭr/i to last, to continue, to go on de of, from (preposition) de/nov/e* again, once more decembr/o* december dek ten dekstr/a right (side) demand/i to ask (a question) dens/a* dense, thick dent/o tooth dev/i to have to, to must dezir/i to wish, to desire di/o god dik/a thick, fat dimanĉ/o* sunday dir/i to say direkt/o direction disk/o* disk, record divers/a varied do therefore, so, then (conjunction) dolĉ/a sweet dolor/o pain dom/o house, building don/i to give dorm/i to sleep du two dub/i to doubt (trans.) dum while (conjunction), during (preposition)
E
eĉ even (adverb) edz/o husband eĥ/o* echo ekster outside, out of (preposition) ekzempl/o example ekzerc/i* to exercise, to practice el out of, from (preposition) elekt/i to choose, to elect en in, into (with accusative) (preposition) erar/i to err, to make a mistake eskim/o* Eskimo, Inuit esper/i to hope esperant/o* esperanto est/i to be Eŭklid/o* Euclid Eŭrop/o* Europe
F
facil/a easy fajr/o fire fal/i to fall famili/o family far/i to do, to make fart/i* to fare, to feel ("Kiel vi fartas?": "How are you?") februar/o* february feliĉ/a happy fenestr/o window fer/o iron ferm/i to close fest/i to celebrate fil/o son fin/i to finish, to end (something) (trans.) fingr/o finger fiŝ/o fish flank/o side flav/a* yellow flor/o flower flug/i to fly foj/o time, occasion for far, away (adverb) forges/i to forget form/o form fort/a strong frap/i to hit, to strike frat/o brother fraŭl/o bachelor (fraŭlino: unmarried woman, "Miss") fremd/a foreign, alien fru/a early frukt/o fruit fum/o* smoke
G
gaj/a happy, cheerful gajn/i to win, to acquire gazet/o magazine geografi/o* geography glaci/o* ice glas/o (drinking) glass glob/o* globe, sphere gol/o* goal (scored) grand/a large, great grav/a important griz/a* gray gust/o* taste gust/um/i* to taste (something) (trans.)
Ĝ
ĝangal/o* jungle ĝarden/o garden ĝi it ĝis till, until, as far as (preposition, conjunction) ĝoj/i to be glad, to rejoice ĝust/a correct, exact
H
ha! ah! (interjection) halt/i to stop (intrans.) har/o (one) hair hav/i to have hejm/o home hel/a bright, clear help/i to help herb/o* grass hieraŭ yesterday histori/o history ho! o!, oh! (interjection) hodiaŭ today hom/o person hor/o hour, time of day hund/o dog
Ĥ
ĥor/o* choir, chorus
I
ide/o idea ili they imag/i* to imagine indian/o* (American) Indian infan/o child insekt/o* insect instru/i* to teach inter between, among (preposition) interes/o interest interes/i to interest, to be interesting to (trans.) intern/a internal, inside ir/i to go
J
ja indeed (emphatic particle) jaĥt/o* yacht jam already (adverb) januar/o* january jar/o year je as regards, in relation to (indefinite preposition) jen here is (are), look!; sometimes... sometimes..., now... now... jes yes Johan/o* John juli/o* july jun/a young juni/o* june just/a just, fair
Ĵ
ĵaluz/a* jealous ĵaŭd/o* thursday ĵet/i to throw ĵurnal/o* newspaper ĵus just, just now (adverb)
K
kaf/o* coffee kaj and (conjunction) Kalgari/o* Calgary kalkul/i to calculate, to count kamp/o field, area kanjon/o* canyon kant/i to sing kap/o head kapt/i to catch kar/a dear kaŝ/i to hide (trans.) kat/o cat kaŭz/o cause ke that (conjunction) kelk/a some klar/a clear klin/i* to incline, to bend (trans.) klub/o* club, group knab/o boy kol/o neck kolekt/i to collect (trans.) koler/i to be angry kolor/o color komenc/i to begin (something) (trans.) komerc/i to trade, to do business kompren/i to understand komun/a common, general kon/i to know konduk/i to lead kongres/o* congress, convention konsent/i to agree konsil/i to advise konstru/i to build kontent/a satisfied, content kontraŭ against, opposite (preposition) kor/o heart korespond/i* to correspond, to exchange letters korp/o body kort/o yard, courtyard kost/i to cost kovert/o* envelope kovr/i to cover kred/i to believe kresk/i to grow (intrans.) kri/i to yell, to cry out krom besides, except (preposition) ktp* "kaj tiel plu" ("and so on") (abbr.) kuir/i to cook kuk/o* cake kun with (preposition) kunikl/o* rabbit kur/i to run kuraĝ/a brave, courageous kurs/o* course, series of lessons kuŝ/i to lie down kutim/o custom, habit kvankam although (conjunction) kvar four kvazaŭ as if, as though (conjunction, adverb) kvin five
L
la the (definite article) labor/i to work lac/a tired lakt/o milk land/o country, land larĝ/a wide las/i to leave, to allow last/a last laŭ according to, along (preposition) lav/i to wash (trans.) lecion/o* lesson leg/i to read lern/i to learn leter/o letter (correspondence) lev/i to lift li he liber/a free, independent libr/o book lig/o league, alliance lig/i to tie, to bind lign/o wood limonad/o* lemonade, soft drink (Europe) lingv/o language lini/o line lit/o bed loĝ/i to live, to inhabit lok/o place, position London/o* London long/a long lud/i to play lum/i to shine, to give light lund/o* monday
M
maj/o* may (month) man/o hand manĝ/i to eat mank/i to be lacking, to be absent mar/o sea, ocean mard/o* tuesday mark/o sign, mark mart/o* march (month) maten/o morning maten/manĝ/o* breakfast mejl/o* mile mem -self, -selves membr/o* member memor/i to remember merkred/o* wednesday met/i to put, to place mez/o middle mezur/i to measure (something) (trans.) mi I, me mil (one) thousand milion/o* million milit/i to wage war minut/o minute mir/i to marvel, to be amazed moment/o moment mon/o money monat/o month mond/o world mont/o mountain montr/i to show morgaŭ tomorrow mort/i to die (intrans.) mov/i to move (something) (trans.) mult/a much, a lot of mur/o wall
N
naci/o nation naĝ/i* to swim nask/i to give birth (to) (trans.) natur/o nature naŭ nine naz/o nose ne no, not neces/a necessary neĝ/o snow nek nor, neither... nor... (conjunction) neŭtral/a* neutral, impartial ni we, us nigr/a black nokt/o night nom/o name nombr/o number, amount nord/a* north nov/a new Nov-Jork/o* New York novembr/o* november nu well!, now! (interjection) nub/o cloud nul zero nul/o* nil, name of the number zero nun now nur only (adverb)
O
oft/a frequent, common ok eight okaz/i to happen, to occur oktobr/o* October okul/o eye okup/i to occupy ol than (in comparisions) (conjunction) ond/o* wave oni one, people, "they" (indefinite pronoun) onkl/o uncle opini/i to think, to have an opinion ord/o order ordon/i to order, to command orel/o ear ost/o* bone ov/o* egg
P
pac/o peace paf/i* to shoot pag/i to pay pan/o bread pantofl/o* slipper paper/o paper pardon/i to forgive, to excuse Pariz/o* Paris parol/i to speak part/o part pas/i to pass paŝ/i to step, to pace patr/o father pec/o piece, bit pen/i to try, to endeavour pens/i to think per by (means of), with (preposition) perd/i to lose permes/i to allow, to permit person/o person pet/i to ask (for), to request pied/o foot pilk/o* ball (for playing) plaĉ/i* to please, to be pleasing plaĝ/o* beach plank/o floor plej most (superlative) (adverb) plen/a full plend/i to complain plezur/o pleasure, enjoyment pli more (comparative) (adverb) plor/i to cry, to weep plu further, more (adverb) plum/o pen pluv/o rain polus/o* pole (as in North Pole) popol/o people, nation por for, in order to (preposition) pord/o door port/i to carry post after, behind (preposition) postul/i to demand, to require poŝ/o* pocket pov/i to be able (to) prav/a right, correct precip/a main, principal prem/i to press, to squeeze pren/i to take preskaŭ almost (adverb) pret/a ready preter beyond, past (preposition) prezent/i to present pri about, concerning (preposition) printemp/o spring pro because of, by reason of (preposition) problem/o* problem profund/a deep proksim/a near, close promen/i* to take a walk propr/a (one's) own prosper/i* to prosper prov/i to try, to test pun/i* to punish punkt/o point, period pur/a clean, pure
R
rajt/o a right rakont/i to tell, to narrate rapid/a quick, fast reg/i to rule, to control renkont/i to meet respond/i to answer rest/i to remain, to continue to be rest/o rest, remainder ricev/i to receive riĉ/a rich rid/i to laugh rigard/i to look (at) rimark/i to notice rimed/o means, resource ripoz/i to rest river/o river rob/o* a dress romp/i to break (trans.) rond/o round, circle roz/o rose ruĝ/a red
S
sabat/o* saturday sabl/o* sand sag/o* arrow salt/i to jump salut/i to greet sam/a same san/a healthy San-Francisk/o* San Francisco sandviĉ/o* sandwich sang/o blood sat/a full, not hungry sci/i to know se if (conjunction) sed but (conjunction) seĝ/o chair sek/a* dry sekv/i to follow semajn/o week sen without (preposition) send/i to send sent/i to feel (trans.) sep seven septembr/o* september serĉ/i to look for, to seek serv/i to serve ses six si (him)self, (her)self, (one)self (reflexive pronoun) sid/i to sit silent/i to be silent simpl/a simple sinjor/o mister, gentleman skatol/o* box, case skrib/i to write soif/i* to be thirsty sol/a alone solv/i* to solve (trans.) somer/o summer son/i to sound spec/o kind, sort staci/o station (for bus, train, etc.) star/i to stand stat/o state, condition step/o* steppe strat/o street stud/i* to study sub under, beneath (preposition) sufer/i to suffer sufiĉ/a sufficient, enough sukces/i* to succeed suker/o sugar sun/o sun super over, above (preposition) supr/o top, summit sur on, upon (preposition)
Ŝ
ŝaf/o* sheep ŝajn/i to seem, to appear to be ŝanĝ/i to change (trans.) ŝat/i* to have a high opinion of, to value, to like ŝi she ŝip/o ship ŝose/o* road, roadway ŝton/o stone ŝu/o* shoe
T
tabl/o table tabl/o/tenis/o* table tennis, ping-pong tag/o day tag/manĝ/o* lunch tajp/i* to type tamen however, nevertheless (adverb, conjunction) tamtam/o* tom-tom tas/o* cup task/o* task te/o* tea teatr/o* a theater Teksas/o* Texas temp/o time ten/i to hold, to have tenis/o* tennis ter/o earth, ground tim/i to fear tip/o* type, sort tir/i to pull tra through (preposition) traf/i* to hit (a goal, etc.), to strike tranĉ/i to cut trankvil/a calm, quiet trans across, on the other side of (preposition) tre very tri three trink/i to drink tro too, too much trov/i* to find tuj immediately turn/i to turn (trans.) tuŝ/i to touch tut/a whole, entire
U
unu one urb/o city, town Uson/o* USA util/a useful uz/i to use
V
vagon/o train waggon, carriage valiz/o* suitcase, luggage valor/o value varb/i* to recruit varm/a warm, hot vast/a* vast, huge vek/i to awake (someone) (trans.) ven/i to come vend/i to sell (trans.) vendred/o* friday vent/o wind ver/a true, real verd/a green vesper/o evening vest/o garment, article of clothing veter/o weather vetur/i to travel (by vehicle: to drive, to fly, etc.) vi you vid/i to see vilaĝ/o village vin/o* wine vintr/o winter vir/o man vitr/o glass (substance) viv/i to live, to be alive vizaĝ/o face vizit/i* to visit voj/o way, road vojaĝ/i to travel, to journey vok/i to call (trans) vol/i to want to vort/o word
Z
zorg/i to care for, to take care of